Selection Screens in SAP ABAP
Events
For
selection screens to be built and used in a program, the first things to
understand are events. Events are processing blocks, sections of code specific
to the selection screens. The structure of an event starts with the event
keyword, but does not have an ending keyword. The end of the event block of
code is implicit, because the beginning of the next event will terminate the
first, or the code itself will end.
When executable programs are run, they are
controlled by a predefined process in the runtime environment, and a series of
processes are called one after another. These proc-esses trigger events, for
which event blocks can be defined within the program. When a program starts,
certain events work in a certain order.
At the top level is the SAP Presentation
Server (Usually the SAP GUI), seen by the end user, with its selection screen
and list output. When a program starts, from the left, with the declaration of
global variables, the system will check to see if any processing blocks are
included and will follow the sequence of events detailed above to execute
these.
The
initialization event block of code will only be run once, and will include
things like the setting up of initial values for fields in the selection
screen. It will then check whether a selection screen is included in the
program. If at least one input field is present, control will be passed to the
selection screen processor.
This will display the screen to the user,
and it can then be interacted with. Once this is complete, the ‘at selection
screen’ event block will process the information, and this is where one can
write code to check the entries which have been made. If incorrect values have
been entered, the code can catch these and can force the selection screen to be
dis-played again until correct values are entered. Error messages can be
included so that the user then knows where corrections must be made.
The
‘start of selection’ event block then takes control once the selection screen
is filled correctly. This can contain code for, for example, setting up the
values of internal tables or fields. There are other event blocks, which are
visible in the diagram and there could be a number of others. The ones
discussed here though, tend to be the main ones which would be used when working
with selection screens to capture user input, which will then be used to
process the rest of the program.
Once
all of these event blocks have been processed, control is handed to the list
proces-sor, which will output the report to the screen for the user to see. The
list screen occa-sionally can be interactive itself, and the code in the event
block ‘at line selection’ visible in the diagram takes responsibility for this.
This
chapter will focus on creating the selection screen and making sure the user
enters the correct values for the report, as well as ensuring the selection
screen has a good inter-face.
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